Miguel Echegaray

Spanish playwright/libretto writer and lyricist focused in zarzuela (1848-1927). Born in Quintanar near Toledo, 29th September 1848, Miguel Echegaray Eizaguirre came from a well-to-do Aragonese family, although his mother was Basque. Miguel's distinguished brother, the poet and statesman José Echegaray, was to become Minister of Public Works and Housing, and eventual Nobel laureate for Literature (1904). Ironically, José's posthumous literary reputation has tended to be overshadowed by that of his brother. Although he wrote his first play "Cara y cruz" at the age of sixteen, Miguel studied law and philosophy, from 1869 combining legal practise with secretarial duties for his brother. He was an active Radical, holding judicial office 1872-73, but eventually abandoned politics and law to devote himself to his chief love - the theatre. Echegaray's output of 110 stage works, including 21 zarzuelas, would seem prodigious for a playwright today. His zarzuela texts are all within the género chico style. They are outstanding for clever versification, imaginative and offbeat choice of subject, as well as their obvious popular appeal. He wrote El Domingo de Ramos for Bretón (1895); for Chapí, El sombrero de plumas (1902); and four texts for Vives - La rabalera (1907), Juegos malabares (1910), Agua de noria (1911) and El pretendiente (1913). His last zarzuela text was El buen ladrón, for Ortells in 1918. His most substantial legacy arose from a mutually congenial collaboration with Manuel Fernández Caballero, late in that composer's career. La revista (1892) was followed by a trio of masterworks, El dúo de La africana (1893), La viejecita (1897), and finally Gigantes y cabezudos (1898). The last three sainetes they wrote together - Los estudiantes (1900), La diligencia (1901) and María Luisa (1906) - did not enjoy the same level of success, mainly perhaps because of Caballero's increasing ill health. Gigantes y Cabezudos is perhaps most worthy to stand as Echegaray's memorial. In addition to Echegaray's accustomed literary virtues, its exuberant carnival atmosphere, tight construction, and poignant topicality - the return of the defeated soldiery from the disastrous Cuban war - make it one of the most distinctive and powerful achievements of género chico zarzuela.